DPhil in Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics

3D cardiac Tissues integrated with soft iontronic devices

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Animal models of heart disease struggle to replicate human pathophysiology due to distinct heart rates, electrophysiology, and metabolic differences. Engineered 3D heart tissues from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)–derived cardiomyocytes represent powerful platforms for human cardiac research. Iontronic-cardiac tissue combines stem cell biology, biomaterials, 3D printing and electromechanical stimulation to generate complex, synchronized contractions in 3D hybrid tissues.

The Tissue Engineering Group at the Materials and Devices for Life Sciences (MDLS) develops technologies for generating 3D synthetic, living, and hybrid tissues for biomedical applications. We have developed droplet 3D-printing and microfluidic techniques for the construction of defined and patterned 3D tissues, including living tissues (neural and cardiac tissues) and synthetic ionic tissues (bio-batteries and other iontronic devices).

This project aims to engineer advanced 3D hybrid tissues that merge biological components (hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes) and iontronic components: (conductive hydrogel-based bioelectronics). The iontronic-cardiac tissues bridge the gap between traditional electronics and biology by using mobile ions (rather than electrons) as charge carriers. This allows seamless integration of the biological and ionic components, enabling engineered tissues to conduct electrical signals and reveal biological signs for disease modelling.

We welcome candidates with medicine, biology, materials, biophysics, electronics and tissue engineering background. Experience in stem cell biology and electrophysiology are desirable. DPhil students will work collaboratively with a multidisciplinary team engaged in cell biology, biophysics, biochemistry, and device and tissue engineering.

Degree in biology, medicine, biomaterials, electronic or tissue engineering.
Cell and molecular biology
Biomaterials
RNA sequencing or proteomics
Experience and interest in multidisciplinary research
Stem cell differentiation and 3D co-culture
Bio-electronics
3D printing and microfluidics
3D tissue imaging and characterisation techniques
Disease modelling
  1. Zhang, Y., Riexinger J., Yang, X., Mikhailova, E., Jin, Y., Zhou, L. and Bayley H. A microscale soft ionic power source modulates neuronal network activity. Nature, 620, 1001–1006 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06295-y
  2. Zhang, Y., Sun, T., Xingyun, Y., Zhou, L., Ming Lei, M., Bayley H. A microscale soft lithium-ion battery for tissue stimulation. Nature Chemical Engineering (2024), 1-11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s44286-024-00136-z
  3. Li, N., Zhang, C., et al., Zhou, L., Bayley, H., et al., Li, D., and Paterson D. Human derived cardiac-neural microtissue reveal catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is also a disease of the sympathetic neuron. The Journal of Physiology, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP290024.
  4. Zhou, L., Wolfes, A. C., Li, Y., Chen, D.C.W., Ko, H., Szele, F.G. and Bayley, H. Lipid-Bilayer-Supported 3D Printing of Human Cerebral Cortex Cells Reveals Developmental Interactions, Advanced Materials, 2020, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202002183.

Materials & Devices for Life Sciences

Applying multidisciplinary research to redefine nanopore technologies and progress new approaches in tissue engineering that will impact personalised diagnostics and therapeutics.

EIT Supervisors